Prerequisite concepts
Energy and Entropy
The derivative can be interpreted physically
While the constituents of a derivative (the $f$ and $x$ in $\frac{df}{dx}$) can have physical interpretations, the derivative itself can have a different physical interpretation. For example, $\frac{dx}{dt}$ is a velocity. FIXME: find a better example
The divergence of the electric field is equal to $\rho / \epsilon_0$
FIXME