OSU Computational Physics - Unix: Creating LaTeX Documents

22.C:

Converting LaTeX to HTML

22:

LaTeX

22.A:

Printing LaTeX Documents

Contents

§ 22.B: Creating LaTeX Documents

To create a LaTeX document, you first open the source file in your favorite editor. (Some editors, like WinEdt under Windows or gnuEmacs under Unix, will make life easier for you by showing the LaTeX commands in color.) To save some typing, edit the document skeleton.tex (this document contains the commands included in every LaTeX document, so you probably want to be careful and copy this file to another name before opening it). Notice that the file extension is .tex. Using this extension identifies the file as a LaTeX or TeX document.

The file LaTexSample.tex contains a number of commands:

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}

\end{document}

First, the \documentclass statement sets a number of default formatting commands. As you learn more about LaTeX, you may want to modify this line or even start creating your own custom styles. The \begin and \endstatements do exactly what they say, they tell LaTeX where to begin and end the document.

When you give text toLaTeX, it recognizes any set of characters separated by one or more spaces as a word, any period not following an upper-case letter to be the end of a sentence, and group of lines separated by blank lines to be a paragraph. Try adding some text on the line after \begin{document}. Now, try compiling it and viewing it.

Under Unix we compile with the command:

> latex LaTexSample.tex (or just latex LaTexSample)

If the compilation is successful, this should produce another file in the same directory with a dvi extension, that is, LaTexSample.dvi. The .dvi extension indicates that this output is device independent, that is, not specific to any particular piece of hardware. You can preview this file on you screen with the command

> xdvi LaTexSample.dvi (or just xdvi LaTexSample)

where the "x" here indicates that this is the previewer for the X-windows system. Although we will talk more about printing soon, note that most previewers also have a button that permits you to print your file on a printer.

Admittedly, that was a little bland, but now you are ready for the fun part, equations. In order for LaTeX to correctly interpret your equations, you must tell it that you wish to enter the math, displaymath or equation environments. The math environment is used for in line equations. Use the "$" symbol before and after your equation. For instance, the following text can be used to create

can be used to create $r = \sqrt(x^2 + y^2)$

Enter the command in your file after the text you typed earlier. Then you can compile and view it.

LaTeX has many commands for different mathematical symbols. Notice how the \sqrt command automatically expanded the square root symbol to fit over the entire contents.

If you wish to place your equations on a separate line, you can use the displaymath environment. You use a \begin and \end statement to set up displaymath:

\begin{displaymath}
\frac{d^2 \Theta}{d t^2} = -[1+d\cos(2\pi ft)] \sin(\Theta) - c\frac{d\Theta}{dt}
\end{displaymath}

This creates . A few new functions you might want to notice:

`\frac{top}{bottom}`	Displays a fraction.
`\cos \sin`	For trigonometric functions precede the function name with a `\`.
`\Theta \pi`	For Greek letters, precede the letter name with a `\`. For capital letters, capitalize the first letter of the name.

Try adding this line to your file and see how LaTeX sets up the equation. Notice the spacing and symbol-size decisions that LaTeX makes automatically. Beautiful isn't it?

Now that you have seen how text and equations can be typeset in LaTeX, you are ready to create your own documents. There are, of course, many more special formats, symbols and functions in LaTeX. Nikos Drakos, at the University of Leeds has created a more comprehensive LaTeX tutorial, including a quick reference to many of the more popular LaTeX commands.

For the latest LaTeX news and tutorials, you may want to look at the TeX Users Group home page.

For those of you interested in using LaTeX to make your Web page publishing easier, the next section will explain how to convert LaTeX to HTML.