| Mechanism: (though be sure to think through the consequences of acid catalysis or base catalysis) |
 |
|
| Reaction name | Nucleophile | Reaction Product |
| Hydration (or formation of hemiacetals) | H2O (ROH, RSH) |  |
| Cyanohydrin Formation | CN- (from HCN) |  |
| Grignard addition | R'--Mg+X |  |
| Reduction | H- (from LiAlH4, NaBH4) |  |