SGGSVD(l)	     LAPACK driver routine (version 1.1)	    SGGSVD(l)

NAME
  SGGSVD - compute the generalized singular value decomposition	(GSVD) of the
  M-by-N matrix	A and P-by-N matrix B

SYNOPSIS

  SUBROUTINE SGGSVD( JOBU, JOBV, JOBQ, M, N, P,	K, L, A, LDA, B, LDB, ALPHA,
		     BETA, U, LDU, V, LDV, Q, LDQ, WORK, IWORK,	INFO )

      CHARACTER	     JOBQ, JOBU, JOBV

      INTEGER	     INFO, K, L, LDA, LDB, LDQ,	LDU, LDV, M, N,	P

      INTEGER	     IWORK( * )

      REAL	     A(	LDA, * ), ALPHA( * ), B( LDB, *	), BETA( * ), Q( LDQ,
		     * ), U( LDU, * ), V( LDV, * ), WORK( * )

PURPOSE
  SGGSVD computes the generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) of the
  M-by-N matrix	A and P-by-N matrix B:

      U'*A*Q = D1*( 0 R	),    V'*B*Q = D2*( 0 R	)		(1)

  where	U, V and Q are orthogonal matrices, and	Z' is the transpose of Z.
  Let K+L = the	numerical effective rank of the	matrix (A',B')', then R	is a
  K+L-by-K+L nonsingular upper tridiagonal matrix, D1 and D2 are "diagonal"
  matrices, and	of the following structures, respectively:

  If M-K-L >= 0,

     U'*A*Q = D1*( 0 R )

	    = K	    ( I	 0 ) * (  0   R11  R12 ) K
	      L	    ( 0	 C )   (  0    0   R22 ) L
	      M-K-L ( 0	 0 )	N-K-L  K    L
		      K	 L

     V'*B*Q = D2*( 0 R )

	    = L	    ( 0	 S ) * (  0   R11  R12 ) K
	      P-L   ( 0	 0 )   (  0    0   R22 ) L
		      K	 L	N-K-L  K    L
  where

    C =	diag( ALPHA(K+1), ... ,	ALPHA(K+L) ),
    S =	diag( BETA(K+1),  ... ,	BETA(K+L) ), C**2 + S**2 = I.
    The	nonsingular triangular matrix R	= ( R11	R12 ) is stored
					  (  0	R22 )
    in A(1:K+L,N-K-L+1:N) on exit.

  If M-K-L < 0,

     U'*A*Q = D1*( 0 R )

	    = K	  ( I  0    0	) * ( 0	   R11	R12  R13  ) K
	      M-K ( 0  C    0	)   ( 0	    0	R22  R23  ) M-K
		    K M-K K+L-M	    ( 0	    0	 0   R33  ) K+L-M
				     N-K-L  K	M-K  K+L-M

     V'*B*Q = D2*( 0 R )

	    = M-K   ( 0	 S    0	 ) * ( 0    R11	 R12  R13  ) K
	      K+L-M ( 0	 0    I	 )   ( 0     0	 R22  R23  ) M-K
	      P-L   ( 0	 0    0	 )   ( 0     0	  0   R33  ) K+L-M
		      K	M-K K+L-M     N-K-L  K	 M-K  K+L-M where

    C =	diag( ALPHA(K+1), ... ,	ALPHA(M) ),
    S =	diag( BETA(K+1),  ... ,	BETA(M)	), C**2	+ S**2 = I.
    R =	( R11 R12 R13 )	is a nonsingular upper triangular matrix,
	(  0  R22 R23 )
	(  0   0  R33 )
    (R11 R12 R13 ) is stored in	A(1:M, N-K-L+1:N), and R33 is stored
    ( 0	 R22 R23 )
    in B(M-K+1:L,N+M-K-L+1:N) on exit.

  The routine computes C, S, R,	and optionally the orthogonal transformation
  matrices U, V	and Q.

  In particular, if B is an N-by-N nonsingular matrix, then the	GSVD of	A and
  B implicitly gives the SVD of	the matrix A*inv(B):
		       A*inv(B)	= U*(D1*inv(D2))*V'.
  If ( A',B')' has orthnormal columns, then the	GSVD of	A and B	is also	equal
  to the CS decomposition of A and B. Furthermore, the GSVD can	be used	to
  derive the solution of the eigenvalue	problem:
		       A'*A x =	lambda*	B'*B x.
  In some literature, the GSVD of A and	B is presented in the form
		   U'*A*X = ( 0	D1 ),	V'*B*X = ( 0 D2	)	   (2) where
  U and	V are orthogonal and X is nonsingular, D1 and D2 are ``diagonal''.
  It is	easy to	see that the GSVD form (1) can be converted to the form	(2)
  by taking the	nonsingular matrix X as

		       X = Q*( I   0	)
			     ( 0 inv(R)	).

ARGUMENTS

  JOBU	  (input) CHARACTER*1
	  = 'U':  Orthogonal matrix U is computed;
	  = 'N':  U is not computed.

  JOBV	  (input) CHARACTER*1
	  = 'V':  Orthogonal matrix V is computed;
	  = 'N':  V is not computed.

  JOBQ	  (input) CHARACTER*1
	  = 'Q':  Orthogonal matrix Q is computed;
	  = 'N':  Q is not computed.

  M	  (input) INTEGER
	  The number of	rows of	the matrix A.  M >= 0.

  N	  (input) INTEGER
	  The number of	columns	of the matrices	A and B.  N >= 0.

  P	  (input) INTEGER
	  The number of	rows of	the matrix B.  P >= 0.

  K	  (output) INTEGER
	  L	  (output) INTEGER On exit, K and L specify the	dimension of
	  the subblocks	described in the Purpose section.  K + L = effective
	  numerical rank of (A',B')'.

  A	  (input/output) REAL array, dimension (LDA,N)
	  On entry, the	M-by-N matrix A.  On exit, A contains the triangular
	  matrix R, or part of R.  See Purpose for details.

  LDA	  (input) INTEGER
	  The leading dimension	of the array A.	LDA >= MAX(1,M).

  B	  (input/output) REAL array, dimension (LDB,N)
	  On entry, the	P-by-N matrix B.  On exit, B contains the triangular
	  matrix R if necessary.  See Purpose for details.

  LDB	  (input) INTEGER
	  The leading dimension	of the array B.	LDA >= MAX(1,P).

  ALPHA	  (output) REAL	arrays,	dimension (N)
	  BETA	  (output) REAL	array, dimension (N) On	exit, ALPHA and	BETA
	  contain the generalized singular value pairs of A and	B; if M-K-L
	  >= 0,	ALPHA(1:K) = ONE,  ALPHA(K+1:K+L) = C,
	  BETA(1:K)  = ZERO, BETA(K+1:K+L)  = S, or if M-K-L < 0,
	  ALPHA(1:K)=ONE,  ALPHA(K+1:M)=C, ALPHA(M+1:K+L)=ZERO
	  BETA(1:K) =ZERO, BETA(K+1:M) =S, BETA(M+1:K+L) =ONE and
	  ALPHA(K+L+1:N) = ZERO
	  BETA(K+L+1:N)	 = ZERO

  U	  (output) REAL	array, dimension (LDU,M)
	  If JOBU = 'U', U contains the	M-by-M orthogonal matrix U.  If	JOBU
	  = 'N', U is not referenced.

  LDU	  (input) INTEGER
	  The leading dimension	of the array U.	LDU >= MAX(1,M).

  V	  (output) REAL	array, dimension (LDV,P)
	  If JOBV = 'V', V contains the	P-by-P orthogonal matrix V.  If	JOBV
	  = 'N', V is not referenced.

  LDV	  (input) INTEGER
	  The leading dimension	of the array V.	LDA >= MAX(1,P).

  Q	  (output) REAL	array, dimension (LDQ,N)
	  If JOBQ = 'Q', Q contains the	N-by-N orthogonal matrix Q.  If	JOBQ
	  = 'N', Q is not referenced.

  LDQ	  (input) INTEGER
	  The leading dimension	of the array Q.	LDQ >= MAX(1,N).

  WORK	  (workspace) REAL array,
	  dimension (MAX(3*N,M,P)+N)

  IWORK	  (workspace) INTEGER array, dimension (N)

  INFO	  (output)INTEGER
	  = 0:	successful exit
	  < 0:	if INFO	= -i, the i-th argument	had an illegal value.
	  > 0:	if INFO	= 1, the Jacobi-type procedure failed to converge.
	  For further details, see subroutine STGSJA.

PARAMETERS

  TOLA	  REAL
	  TOLB	  REAL TOLA and	TOLB are the thresholds	to determine the
	  effective rank of (A',B')'. Generally, they are set to TOLA =
	  MAX(M,N)*norm(A)*MACHEPS, TOLB = MAX(P,N)*norm(B)*MACHEPS.  The
	  size of TOLA and TOLB	may affect the size of backward	errors of the
	  decomposition.


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