Before approaching this lecture, students should:

• Have a solid understanding of postulates 1-6 of quantum mechanics.
• Have past experience with magnetic and electric vector fields.
• Have the ability to use quantum operators such as the Hamiltonian to find corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
• Have experience using the Schrodinger equation to time evolve a quantum state.
• Understand what it means to change reference frames in a problem.