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===== Prerequisites =====
Before entering this topic, students should:

  * Know how to represent the an electron in a chain of potential wells using an envelope function.
  * Be able to approximate the possible energies of a single electron in an arbitrary N-well system of atoms.
  * Know how to relate an electron's momentum to it's envelope function's wave vector using the de Broglie wavelength.
  * Understand the basic properties of conductors and insulators.


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