======Reviewing Thermal Phenomena======
Powerful Ideas:
  * Materials can feel hot or cold but be at the same temperature, room temperature, if have been in the same room for a long time without a heat source or sink
  * Heat and temperature are different ideas

  *  Materials conduct heat energy at different rates

  * Conductors: materials with high thermal conductivity  (metals)

  * Insulators: materials with low thermal conductivity    (Styrofoam, plastic)

  * Property of thermal conductivity is NOT related to property of density

  * Heat flows from hot to cold materials

  * If mix equal amounts of hot and cold water, equilibrium temperature is half way between initial hot and initial cold temperatures

  * If mix unequal amounts of hot and cold water, equilibrium temperature will be closer to the initial temperature of the larger amount of water.
  * Conservation of energy: heat lost = heat gained


  * Heat lost by hot water = heat gained by cold water (and the environment)

  * Amount of heat lost or gained depends on how much stuff you have (mass), what kind of stuff it is (c, specific heat), how much the temperature changed ( ∆t):  (mc ∆t). If  Heat lost by hot water   =   heat gained by cold water