Divergence and Curl of Vector Fields

Divergence of a Vector Field

The divergence of a vector field F=<P(x,y,z),Q(x,y,z),R(x,y,z)>, denoted by div F, is the scalar function defined by the dot product

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Here is an example. Let

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The divergence is given by:

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Curl of a Vector Field

The curl of a vector field F=<P(x,y,z),Q(x,y,z),R(x,y,z)>, denoted curlF, is the vector field defined by the cross product

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An alternative notation is

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The above formula for the curl is difficult to remember. An alternative formula for the curl is

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det means the determinant of the 3x3 matrix. Recall that the determinant consists of a bunch of terms which are products of terms from each row. The product of the terms on the diagonal is

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As you can see, this term is part of the x-component of the curl.

Consider the following example: F=<xyz,ysin z, ycos x>.

curl F = <cos x - ycos z, xy + ysin z, -xz>.


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