Directly Integrable First-Order Differential Equations

A directly integrable first-order ode has the form:

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where g(t) is a given function. The equation states that the derivative of the unknown function y(t) is a known function, g(t) and that the unknown function satifies the initial condition y(t_0)=y_0.

Solution Procecure

To compute y(t) we apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The general solution of the differential equation is

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The term C is a constant. C can be determined from an initial condition, if one is given. We can also express the solution in terms of a definite integral. Applying the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we have

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Example

ODE:

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Solution:

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Evaluating the integral, we have

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The final answer is

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Alternatively, we can write the solution as an indefinite integral

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Applying the initial condition y(7)=4, we have

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This implies C=669.75, and we end up with the same answer as in the above case with the definite integral.

Example

ODE:

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Solution:

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We cannot simplify the above expression any further since the antiderivative of

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cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions.


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